FOOTBALL NEWS AND GOOGLE TRENDS

The first description of a football match in England was written by William Fitzstephen in about 1170. It is recorded that during his visit to London, he realized that “after dinner all the youth of the city out to the fields to the popular game of the ball.” Notes that all trades had their own football team. “Seniors, parents, and men of wealth come on horseback to see their youth competitions, and fashion in their sport with young people, and there seems to be aroused in these elders a natural heat stroke by viewing so much activity and participation in the joys of unbridled youth. ”

Some centuries later, another monk wrote that football was a game in which young men … propel a huge ball, not throwing into the air, but the hit and roll on the ground, and not with their hands, but with his feet. “This writer strongly disagrees with the game saying it was” unworthy and despicable “and that often resulted in” a certain loss, injury or disadvantage to the players themselves. ”

A record manor, 1280, states: “Henry, son of William de Ellington, while playing ball on Trinity Sunday Ulkham to David Ken and many others, was against David and received an accidental injury David knife which he died the following Friday. “In 1321, William of Spalding, was in trouble with the law during a football match:” During the game the ball as he kicked the ball, a friend of his lay also called William, ran against him and wounded himself on a knife sheath made by canon, so severely that he died within six days. ” There are other cases during this period players died after falling into their daggers.

Edward II was involved in the debate about football and in 1314 complained of “turmoil stemming from large balls in the fields of public opinion, from which many evils may arise.” At the time I was trying to raise an army to fight against the Scots and was worried about the impact that football was having on the skills of his archers.

In an attempt to make English the best goalkeepers in the world, a law was passed ordering all men who earn less than 100 pence a year to own a longbow. Each village had to organize a space to be aimed at men to practice using their bows. It was especially important for children to take archery at an early age. It was believed that to obtain the necessary rate of “laying the body in the bow” the body needs to be young and flexible. It was said that when a young man could get a squirrel in 100 steps that was ready to join the army of the king.

Edward II came to the conclusion that young people were more interested in playing football to archery. His answer to this problem was to prohibit the practice of the game. His father, Edward III, reintroduced the ban in 1331 in preparation for an invasion of Scotland. Henry IV was the next monarch who tried to stop young men from England national football team by issuing a new ban in 1388. This was ineffective and in 1410 the government imposed a fine of between 20 and imprisonment for six days in which to play football captured. In 1414, his son, Henry V, presented a proclamation ordering more men to practice archery instead of football. Archers The following year, Henry has played an important role in defeating the French at Agincourt.

Edward IV was another strong opponent of football. In 1477 a law was passed stipulating that “no person may practice any illegal gambling such as craps, shuffleboard, soccer games and such, but each person strong and without disabilities practice with the bow of the reason that the defense depends on such national archers. “Henry VII outlawed football in 1496 and his son, Henry VIII, introduced a series of laws against the practice of gambling in public places.

Whereas the monarchy objected for military reasons, church leaders were more concerned about the game is played on Sunday. In 1531 the Puritan preacher, Thomas Eliot, argued that football caused “beastly fury and extreme violence.” In 1572 the Bishop of Rochester, called for a new campaign to suppress this “evil game.” In his book, Anatomy of abuse (1583) by Philip Stubbs argued that “playing football and other hobbies us from evil .. piety, either Saturday or every other day.” Stubbs was also concerned about the injuries that were occurring “sometimes break their necks, sometimes back, sometimes the legs, sometimes the arms, sometimes a party is thrown out of joint, sometimes sprout Blood noses … Football encourages envy and hatred … sometimes fighting, murder and a great loss of blood. ”

However, there were some people who thought football was good for the health of young people. Richard Mulcaster, the director of the School Merchant Taylors’, he wrote in 1581 that football was “a great help, both for health and strength.” Said the game “and brawneth strengthens the whole body, and causing superfluous low, which dischargeth head and upper parts, which is good for the intestines, and to push the stone and gravel both bladder and kidneys. ”

Records show that young people refused to accept the banning of football. In 1589, Hugh William Shurlock case and were fined with 2 seconds to play football in the cemetery of St. Werburgh in the vicar’s sermon. Ten years later a group of men in a village in Essex were fined for playing football on Sunday. Other processes are conducted in Richmond, Bedford, Thirsk and Guisborough.

The municipalities also banned the game of football. However, young people continued to ignore the ordinances. In 1576 was recorded in Ruislip that about a hundred people “gathered illegally and had some illegal gambling, football call.” In Manchester in 1608 “a society of lewd and disorderly … broke the windows of many men” over an “illegal” game of football. It was a major problem in 1618 the council appointed special “football officials” to police these laws.

After the execution of Charles I in 1649 the new ruler, Oliver Cromwell, instructed his top generals to enforce laws against football, bear and dogs, cockfights, horse racing and wrestling. Cromwell was more successful than previous rulers in stopping young people from playing football. However, after his death in 1660 the game gradually re-emerged in Britain.

The ball used in football became an inflated animal bladder. Two teams, consisting of a large number of young people tried to get the ball into the goal from the opposition. In the cities, the game was played mainly by craft apprentices. As James Walvin points in the first match of the People (1994), “Overworked, exploitation, and generally hold a series of complaints, often formed a body of disaffected young people, who live near each other … It pose a regular threat of discipline and not surprisingly, they were hired immediately for football. ”

According to George Owen (c. 1550) in Wales football was a little different from the game played in England: “There is a round ball prepared … that a man can hold in your hand … The ball is made of wood and cooked in beef tallow to make it slippery and difficult to maintain … The ball is called Knapp, and one of the company that released into the air … He who receives the ball is thrown toward the goal … the Knapp pulled back and forth … It’s a strange sight to see a thousand or fifteen hundred men run after the Knapp … The home gamblers of this work with a broken head, black faces, bruised bodies and legs lame … However, they laugh and joke and tell stories about how he broke his head … without rancor or hatred. ”

The gap between the two goals in football matches could be several kilometers. For example, in Ashbourne, Derbyshire, a football game played annually on Shrove Tuesday. These were two teams of people who lived in the town and the action took place between the objectives of three miles away.

In 1772, a game in Hitchen resulted in the ball being “drowned for a time in the Priory pond, then forced along Angel Street in the Market Place artichokes in beer-house, and finally , hammered on the porch of the church of Santa Maria. ”

Big football games often took place on Shrove Tuesday. In 1796 it was reported that in Derby, John Snape was “an unfortunate victim of this habit … it’s a shame for humanity and civilization, subversive of order and government and destructive to the morals, property and lives our people. ”

At Century 18 Cup is played for most of the major public schools in Britain. There is documentary evidence that football was played at Eton as early as 1747. Westminster began two years later. Harrow, Shrewsbury, Winchester and Charterhouse had taken all football for the 1750.

Joseph Strutt in 1801 described the game of football in his book, The Sports and pastimes of the people of England: “When a football game is made of two parts, each with an equal number of competitors, leaving the field, and stand between two goals, at a distance of eighty or a hundred yards of each other. The goal is usually done with two sticks stuck in the ground, about two or three feet away. The ball, which is commonly a tubing chute and leather, comes in the midst of the earth, and the object of each party is to drive through the lens of his opponents, he is making the game is won. The skills of the performers are best displayed in the attack and defense objectives, and therefore, the hobby is called more frequently a goal in football that a game in football. When the exercise becomes more violent, the players kick each pimples without ceremony, and some of them are shot down in the danger of its members. ”

Thomas Arnold was appointed Director of Rugby in 1828. He had a deep and lasting effect on the development of public education in England. Arnold introduced mathematics, modern history and modern languages ​​and instituted a system and introduced the prefect system to keep discipline. Modernized the teaching of Classics by directing attention to literary matters, moral or historical. Although strong opinions Arnold made it clear to his students were not expected to accept the views, but to examine the evidence and think for themselves.

Arnold also emphasized the importance of sport in the education of young men. Like most managers in the public schools, Arnold believed that sport was a good method for “encouraging senior boys to exercise responsible authority on behalf of staff.” He also argued that games like football provided a “formidable vehicle for character building.”

Each school had its own set of rules and playing style. In some schools, the ball can be caught, if kicked below the hand or knee. If the ball was caught near the opposing goal, the receiver had a chance to score by carrying through the finish in three standing jumps.

Rugby, Marlborough and Cheltenham games developed using both hands and feet. Football matches played at Shrewsbury and Winchester emphasized kicking and running with the ball (dribbling). School facilities also influenced the rules of these games. Students of the monastery played football in the cloisters of the monastery of age. As space was limited to players depending on Dodge. Whereas schools like Eton and Harrow had great playgrounds available, they have developed a game that involved kicking the ball a long distance.

According to a student at Westminster, the football at his school was very rough and involved a great deal of physical violence: “When you run … the enemy has fired, shinned, charged with the shoulder, and sat down about you … in fact, was something short of murder to get the ball to you. ”

Football games often led to social unrest. As Dave Russell pointed out in football and English (1997), football had the habit “of what the younger element of the lower classes in public spaces in large numbers is increasingly seen as inadequate and, in fact, positively dangerous in an era of mass political radicalism and the subsequent fear of public order. ”

Measures were taken to arrest the men to play football in the street. The Highways Act 1835 provides for a fine of 40 to play “football or any other game in any part of that road, to the chagrin of the passengers.”

In 1840, soldiers had to be used to stop people playing football in Richmond. Six years later the Riot Act had to be read in Derby and a troop of cavalry was used to disperse the players. There were also serious soccer riots in East Molesey, Hampton and Kingston-upon-Thames.

Although the government disapproved of the working classes to play football, which remains a popular sport in public schools. In 1848 a meeting took place at the University of Cambridge to establish the rules of football. As Philip Gibbons in Association Football in Victorian England (2001): “The rules of the game different means that public schools can not compete against each other.” Teachers representing Shrewsbury, Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Marlborough and Westminster, produced what is known as the Cambridge Rules. One participant explained what happened: “I cleared the tables and pens and paper forever … Each man brought a copy of the rules of your school, or knew them by heart, and our progress in the development of new standards is slow .

It was finally decided that goals would be awarded for balls kicked between the flag poles (vertical) and the string (crossbar). All players were allowed to catch the ball directly from foot, provided the recipient began immediately. However, they were forbidden to catch the ball and run with it. Only the goalkeeper was allowed to keep the ball. It could also hit from anywhere on the field. Goal kicks and throw-ins occurred when the ball went out of play. Specified that the throw-ins were taken with one hand. It was also decided that players on the same team must wear the cap of the same color (red and dark blue).

Sometimes public schools played football against the local city kids. Although these games often ended in fights, which helped spread the knowledge of Cambridge Rules football. Former public school students also played football in college. Many continued to play after completing their education. Some clubs were united as the Old Etonians, Old and Harrovians Wanderers (one side open only to men who had attended public school leader), while others formed their own clubs.

Soccer was a popular sport in Sheffield and in 1857 a group of men established the Sheffield Football Club at Bramall Lane. Is believed to be the first football club in the world. Two former pupils from Harrow, Nathaniel Creswick and William Prest, published its own set of rules for football. These new rules allow greater physical contact than those established by some public schools. Players were allowed to push the opponents of the ball with his hands. It was also within the rules for players of shoulder load, with or without the ball. If a goalkeeper caught the ball, which could be broke on the line. At first, the Sheffield Club played friendly matches against teams from London and Nottingham.

On December 29, 1862, Sheffield Hallam played in a football charity match. He was one of football matches for the first time to record in a newspaper. The Sheffield Independent reported: “In a moment it seemed that the game became a more general struggle Creswick had received the ball away and was struggling against great odds – Mr. Shaw and Mr. cascade (Hallam) Major Creswick was .. out the waterfall and the waterfall was beaten accidentally fight the better. All parties agreed that the blow was accidental. cascade, however, ran to the commander of the most irritable, and struck him several times. He also took off his jacket and began to show the fight seriously. Mayor Creswick, which retains its wonderful character, did not return a single hit. ”

The following week a letter appeared in The Independent Sheffield defending the actions of William Waterfall: “The report abusive in his role of football … the ground game at Bramall Lane between Sheffield Hallam Football Club requests a hearing the other hand we have nothing to say about the result -. no results – but to defend the character and behavior of our respected player, Mr. William Waterfall, by detailing the facts as they occurred between him and major in Creswick first part. the game, the cascade of charges the commander, in which the commander threatened to beat him if he did it again. Later in the game when all players were waiting for a decision of the arbitrators, the commander, very unfairly, took the ball from the hands of one of our players and started kicking towards your goal. He was received by the waterfall, which accused him and the Grand Cascade hit in the face, that the waterfall immediately returned. ”

In 1862 a new set of rules is established at the University of Cambridge. These specified 11 per side, an umpire from each side plus a neutral referee, targets 12 feet wide and 20 feet high. An offside has been added. A man can play a ball passed to him from behind, always had three opponents between him and the goal. It was also decided that each party should only last an hour and a quarter. The first game under these rules took place between the Old and Old Etonians Harrovians in November 1862.

Some public schools refused to accept the rules of Cambridge. At Uppingham School in Rutland, students were playing with a huge target range. In 1862, one of the teachers of Uppingham, John Charles Thring, published his own set of rules:

1. A goal is scored when the ball is forced through the goal and under the bar, not to be thrown by hand.

2. Hands can be used only to stop a ball and placed on the floor at his feet.

3. Kicks must be aimed only at the ball.

4. A player can not kick the ball while in the air.

5. No tripping or heel kicking allowed.

6. Every time a ball is kicked beyond the side flags, should be returned by the player who started from the point of that flagship airline ran in a straight line toward the center of the earth.

7. When a ball is kicked behind the goal line, that line was initiated by one side, which aims.

8. No player may stand within six paces of the kicker when he is throwing.

9. A player is “out of play ‘immediately in front of the ball and must return behind the ball as soon as possible. If the ball is kicked by his own side past a player, he can not touch or lack or before, until one of the other party has for the first time the foot, or one of his own team has been able to kick to a level with or ahead of him.

10. Not allow the load when a player is “offside”, ie, immediately the ball is behind him.

Thring published his rules with the title, the game easier. Some teachers liked this non-violent approach and several schools adopted rules Thring.

The Football Association was established in October 1863. The aim of the FA was to establish a single unifying code for football. The first meeting took place at Freeman’s Tavern in London. The clubs represented at the meeting included Barnes, Blackheath, Perceval House, Kensington School, the Ministry of War, Crystal Palace, Forest (later known as the Wanderers), the Crusaders and not names of Kilburn. Cartuja also sent an observer to the meeting.

Percy Young, has said that the FA was a group of men from the upper echelons of British society: “Men of prejudice, and themselves as patricians, heirs to the doctrine of leadership and donors of the law so least semi-divine right. ”

Ebenezer Cobb Morley was elected as secretary of the FA. In a meeting on November 24, 1863, Morley, introduced a draft set of 23 standards. These were based on an amalgamation of rules played by public schools, universities and football clubs. This provision was included to run the ball in his hands if the catch had been taken “in full” or the first bounce. Players were allowed to “cut the front of the leg” of the opponent when running with the ball. Two of the proposed rules caused heated debate:

IX. A player may run with the ball towards the goal of their adversaries if a fair catch, or catches the ball in the first bound, but if a fair catch, if you make a mark (from a free kick) is not executed .

X. If any player shall run with the ball towards the goal of their adversaries, any player on the opposite side shall be entitled to collect, hold, trip or hack him, or to snatch the ball from him, but no player may be held and cut the same time.

Some members were opposed to these two rules, since it considers to be “civilized.” Others believed that charging, hacking and tripping were important elements of the game. A supporter of piracy argued that without it “is going to end with the bravery and courage of the game, and will be required to bring a lot of French who beat him to practice a week.” The principal advocate of piracy was FW Campbell, the representative of Blackheath, who considered this aspect of the game was vital in the development of “masculine toughness.” Campbell added that “piracy is the true football” and he resigned from the FA when the vote went against him (13-4). He later helped form the Rugby Football Union rival. On December 8, 1863, the FA published the Laws of Football.

1. The maximum length of the field is 200 feet, the maximum width is 100 meters, length and width shall be marked with flags, and the goal will be defined by two upright posts, eight yards apart, without any tape or bar through them.

2. A toss for goals shall take place, and the game will start with a place kick from the center of the earth by the side of the losers of the toss for goals; the other side should not approach within 10 yards of the ball until it started.

3. Once a goal is won, the losing side is entitled to set up, and the two sides shall change goals after each goal is won.

4. One goal is won when the ball passes between the posts or the space between the posts (at whatever height), does not occur, called, or transported.

5. When the ball is in contact, the first player who touches it will launch from the point of the border where he fell in a direction perpendicular to the boundary line and the ball must not be in play until it touched the ground.

6. When a player has kicked the ball, either on the same side that is closer to the opponent’s goal line is out of play, and can not touch the ball himself, nor in any way, prevent any other player to do until it is at stake, but neither player is offside when the ball is kicked out from behind the goal line.

7. If the ball goes behind the goal line, if a player on the side to which the target first touches the ball, one of his side shall be entitled to a free kick from the goal line at the point opposite the where the ball was played. If a player on the opposite side first touches the ball, one of his side shall be entitled to a free kick in the only goal from a point 15 meters away from the goal line opposite the place where the ball touches the side walk opposite within their goal line until he has had his kick.

8. If a player makes a fair catch shall be entitled to a free throw, as long as he says, making a mark with the heel at a time, and have in the absence of such, you can go back as far as he pleases, and no player on the opposite side advance beyond his mark until he has started.

9. No player shall run with the ball.

10. Shooting or hacking or permitted, and no player shall use his hands to hold or push his adversary.

11. A player is not allowed to pitch the ball or pass to other hands.

12. No player will be allowed to take the ball from the floor with hands under any pretext, as it is in play.

13. No player will be allowed to use protruding nails, iron plates or gutta percha on the soles or heels of his boots.

In 1866, the offside rule was amended to allow a player out of play when three of the opposing team are closer to their own goal line. Three years later the kick-off rule and the goal was changed shots were introduced.

. Archie Hunter, who played football in Scotland in late 1860, later explained that “football in those days was very different from what is now or never again be special rules and had not played much as we liked, but we thought we were playing the game of rugby, of course, because the Association had not started then I do not care as long as you have goals;. and, moreover, that only played each other, picking sides between us and you have easy games in the playground. As it was, however, I have to like the game immensely, and I spent the whole time I could kick the leather. ”

In 1871, Charles W. Alcock, the Secretary of the Football Association announced the introduction of the Football Association Challenge Cup. It was the first knockout competition of its kind in the world. Only 12 clubs took part in the competition: Wanderers, Royal Engineers, Hitchin, Queens Park, Barnes, Civil Service, Crystal Palace, Hampstead pagans, Great Marlow, Upton Park, Maidenhead and Clapham Rovers.

Many clubs did not enter for financial reasons. All ties had to be played in London. Clubs based in places like Nottingham and Sheffield found it difficult to find the money to travel to the capital. Each club also had to contribute one guinea towards the cost of £ 20 silver trophy.

The Wanderers won the final in 1872. He also won the following season with Arthur Kinnaird achieve an objective. Other contest winners included the University of Oxford (1874), Royal Engineers (1875), Old Etonians (1879 and 1882) and Old Carthusians (1881).

Charles W. Alcock, the Secretary of the Football Association, was the dominant figure in the early days of the game. As he said: “What was ten or fifteen years ago, the recreation of a few has become the search for thousands a sporting exercise carried out under a strict system and in many cases by a forced-term training almost magnified into a file. profession. ”

According to Federico Paredes, the Royal Engineers was a pioneer in the air at a time when most clubs emphasized the long ball or dribbling. To popularize the game, the club toured the industrial areas of England. This includes games at Derby, Nottingham and Sheffield.

In the early part of the 19 soccer balls were leather-covered bladders. There were experiments with natural rubber ball but it bounced too high to be used in football matches. In 1830 Charles Macintosh found a way to produce thin sheets of rubber. This allowed the production of inflatable rubber bladders for balls of leather.

During this period all players wore leather boots in their possession. Some players glued to pieces of leather soles to give them a better grip during the games. In 1863 the Football Association introduced Article 13 which says: “Nobody is projecting nails, iron plates or gutta percha on the soles of his boots is allowed to play.”

The Football Association decided in 1872 that football must be spherical with a circumference of 68 centimeters. Also had to be cased in leather and had to be weighed between 453 grams and 396 at the beginning of a game. As stated in the Encyclopedia Britannica Soccer”On rainy days the ball became increasingly heavy as leather absorbed large amounts of liquid. This, together with the cord that protected the valve from the bladder, head the ball was not only unpleasant but also painful and dangerous. ”

The 1870s saw several changes in the rules of association football. In 1870, eleven-a-side games were introduced with the addition of a goalkeeper. In 1872 the FA published an updated set of laws. This made clear that “the goal is won when the ball passes between the goal posts under the belt, does not occur, called, or transported.” The new rules clearly distinguish between the goalkeeper and other players: “A player may not throw the ball or pass it to another, except the goalkeeper, who shall be allowed to use their hands to protect his goal … No player shall wear or play ball or any player to handle the ball under any pretext. ”

1871 also saw the introduction of neutral umpires and a referee. Both parties were allowed to appoint an arbitrator to which players could appeal to the incidents that took place in the field. However, the rule of the FA said today: “Any point at which the arbitrators can not agree will be decided by the referee.”

FA Cup helped popularize the game of football. So this contest is only fifty member clubs of the Football Association and played by their rules. This includes the teams that played as far as Lincoln, Oxford and New York. The main rival of the FA was 26 members of the Association of Sheffield. Other football clubs were fully independent and performed by its own set of rules. In 1877 the Sheffield clubs decided to join the FA and in 1881 its membership had risen to 128.

The Continuous AF to adjust the rules. In 1881 the Football Association introduced a bill that provides that if a player was “guilty of ungentlemanly conduct the arbitrator could rule violators out of the game players and for them off the ground.” If a player was sent off were usually suspended for a month without pay.

In 1882 all clubs had to provide the bars. Ten years later it became mandatory goal nets. This reduced the number of disputes about whether the ball had crossed the goal line or is passed between the posts.

In January 1884, Preston North End played the London side, Upton Park in the FA Cup. After the game Upton Park complained to the Football Association that Preston was a professional, rather than an amateur team. Mayor William Sudell, secretary / manager of Preston North End admitted that his players were paid, but said it was common practice and did not breach the rules. However, the FA disagreed and expelled them from the competition.

Sudell was well known that improved the quality of the team by importing top players from other areas. This included several players from Scotland. In addition to paying money to play for the team, Sudell also found well-paid work in Preston.

Preston North End joined forces with other clubs who were paying their players such as Aston Villa and Sunderland. In October 1884, these clubs threatened to form a breakdown of the British Football Association. The Football Association responded by establishing a sub-committee, which included William Sudell, to discuss the matter. On July 20, 1885, the Football Association announced that it was “in the interests of the Football Association, to legalize the employment of professional football players, but only under certain restrictions.” Clubs were allowed to pay players provided that they had been or were born or lived for two years within a radius of six miles from land.

Blackburn Rovers immediately registered as a professional club. Their stories show that it spent a total of £ 615 in payment of wages during the 1885-1886 season. It was revealed that the likes of James Forrest and Joseph Lofthouse were paid £ 1 a week.

In 1887, Sunderland beat Middlesbrough 4-2 in an initial round of the FA Cup. Middlesbrough protested that three of the Sunderland players (Monaghan, Hastings and Richardson) were living in Scotland and was lodged at the Hotel Royal at the expense of the club. In January 1888, the Football Association examined the Sunderland books and discovered “a payment of thirty shillings in the cash book at Hastings, Monaghan and Richardson for train tickets from Dumfries to Sunderland.” Sunderland was expelled from the FA Cup and the payment of the expenses of the investigation. The three players in question were suspended from each of football in England for three months.

The decision to pay players more on their club wages. It was therefore necessary to arrange more matches that could play in front of large crowds. On March 2, 1888, William McGregor circulated a letter to Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Bolton Wanderers, Preston North End and West Bromwich Albion suggesting that “ten or twelve of the biggest clubs in England combine to arrange round games each season. ”

John J. Bentley of Bolton Wanderers and Tom Mitchell of Blackburn Rovers responded very positively to the suggestion. Suggested that other clubs should be invited to the meeting held on 23 March 1888. This included Accrington, Burnley, Derby County, Notts County, Stoke, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Old Carthusians, and Everton should be invited to the meeting.

The following month the Football League was formed. It consisted of six clubs from Lancashire (Preston North End, Accrington, Blackburn Rovers, Burnley, Bolton Wanderers and Everton) and six from the Midlands (Aston Villa, Derby County, Notts County, Stoke, West Bromwich Albion and Wolverhampton Wanderers) . The main reason for Sunderland was excluded because the other clubs in the league objected to the costs of traveling to the North-East. McGregor also wanted to restrict the league to twelve clubs. Therefore, applications of Sheffield Wednesday, Nottingham Forest, Darwen and Bootle were rejected.

The first season of the Football League began in September 1888. Preston North End won the first championship that year without losing a single match and acquired the name of “Invincible.” Eighteen wins and four draws gave them a lead of 11 points at the top of the table. The top scorers were John Goodall (21), Jimmy Ross (18), Fred Dewhurst (12) and John Gordon (10).

Mayor William Sudell, had convinced some of the best players in England, Scotland and Wales to join Preston: John Goodall, Jimmy Ross, Nick Ross, David Russell, John Gordon, John Graham, Robert Mills-Roberts, James Trainer, Samuel Thompson and George Drummond. He also recruited some outstanding local players, including Bob Holmes, Robert Howarth and Fred Dewhurst. In addition to paying money to play for the team, Sudell also found well-paid work in Preston.

Preston North End also beat Wolverhampton Wanderers 3-0 to win the FA Cup final 1889. Preston won the competition without conceding a single goal. The club also won the league the following season. However, other teams began to employ the same tactics that Major William Sudell. Clubs like Derby County, Everton, Sunderland, Aston Villa and Wolverhampton Wanderers had more money at their disposal and could pay higher wages than Preston. Over the next couple of years Preston lost all their best players and were never win the league title again.

Preston North End also won the league the following season. This time it was much closer, as only beat Everton a point. James coach, John Gordon and David Russell appeared in 22 league games and Jimmy Ross and George Drummond lost only one match.

It was the last time Preston was to win the Football League. Who finished second to Everton (1890-91) and Sunderland (1892-93), but after it ceased to be a major force in the game. Preston’s top players were persuaded to sign for other clubs: John Goodall (Derby County), Jimmy Ross (Liverpool), Nick Ross (Everton), David Russell (Nottingham Forest), Samuel Thompson (Wolverhampton Wanderers), while Bob Holmes George Drummond, Robert Mills-Roberts, Coach James and John Graham retired from full-time professional football.

In the 1880′s football was introduced in most schools in the state. It can be played on any hard surface and was especially attractive to those schools that do not have access to the playing fields. As a high percentage of children were physically underdeveloped and malnourished, football is considered more appropriate than the rugby.

The game was encouraged by the ruling class. In 1881 Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, MP for Denbighshire, argued: “Much has been spending his time in Britain’s drinking … This kind of sports … keep young men from wasting time … after to play a good game of football … young men are happier to go to bed, visiting the public house. ”

In 1888 it was reported that Nick Ross was receiving £ 10 a month later was transferred to Preston North End to Everton. It is estimated that this was almost double for most of the best players. In the 1890′s top clubs like Aston Villa, Newcastle United and Sunderland were paying their best players from 5 pounds per week.

In September 1893, suggested that Derby County Football League should impose a maximum wage of 4 pounds per week. At that time, most players were only part-time professionals and still had other jobs. These players do not get up to 4 pounds per week and therefore the case does not affect them greatly. However, a minority of players were so good they were able to get up to £ 10 a week. This proposal poses a serious threat to their income.

The arbitrator’s role changed in 1891. He moved to the court from the sideline and took complete control of the game. Referees now became linesmen. 1891 also saw the introduction of penalty. As Dave Russell pointed out in football and English (1997) that this new rule “bitterly disappointed many fans, who argued that the new legislation means that players might be able to cheat.”

Shoulder the burden was still an important part of the game. This could be used against the players, even if you have the ball. If a goalkeeper caught the ball, which could be broke on the line. As a result, the goalkeepers tend to hit the ball a lot. Until 1892 the owners can be challenged, even when not holding the ball.

A report published by The Lancet on 24 March 1894 noted the dangers of playing football. The doctor who wrote the article warned about the practice of charging a man trying to head a soccer ball: “To smash cruelly with him and let him unnecessarily and perhaps savagely is clearly a savage brutality and perhaps this is clearly a brutality allowed by the rules. ”

On November 23, 1896, Joseph Powell of Arsenal went to kick a high ball during a game against Kettering Town. His foot caught on the shoulder of an opponent and Powell fell and broke his arm. One of the men who went to his aid he fainted when he saw the bone protruding. Joint infection and, despite amputation above the elbow, Powell died a few days later, when only twenty-six years of age.

The Lancet continued to record the details of these incidents and in an article published on April 22, 1899 that in the past eight years around 96 men had died while playing football and rugby.

In the 19th century it cost 6d to see a Football League match. This was expensive when you compare this with the price of other forms of entertainment. Usually cost only 3d to visit the music hall or cinema. Remember that at this time specialized dealers generally receive less than 2 pounds a week.

As Dave Russell points out in football and English: A social history of the Football Association of England (1997): “In terms of social class, crowds at football matches in the league were developed mainly by skilled and lower-middle classes … The social groups below that level were largely excluded by the price of admission. “Russell adds that” the Football League, quite possibly in a deliberate attempt to limit access of the poor (and this supposedly “Rowdies”) fan increased the minimum price of admission to adult males 6d.

The men also had the problem of having to work on Saturday. Although some operations granted to its employees half-day holiday, which did not give much time to travel far to watch a game. Even a local game caused considerable problems. For example, the West Ham United played Brentford in a big game at the end of the 1897-98 season. A local newspaper reported that due to the failure of the supporters of the transport system had to travel by boat from dock Hardware along the Thames to Kew before catching a train to Brentford. Given these problems of transport, it is not surprising that the game was watched by only 3,000 people.

In September 1898, South Essex Gazette reported that in a game against Brentford, West Ham United player, Sam George Gresham and Hay, including the goalkeeper into the net while he had the ball in his hands. ” The aim was for this action was within the rules at the time.

Act 8 of the Football Association said: “The goalkeeper may, within its own half of the field, using their hands, but will not carry the ball.” Leigh Roose, who began playing for Aberystwyth Town in the North Wales League combination in 1894, developed a strategy that was within the law, but greatly increased the effectiveness of the goalkeeper. Roose began to bounce the ball to the half way line before launching an attack with a long shot or a good shot. Spencer Vignes says in his book on Roosevelt:. “This was perfectly within the letter of the law, although some archers ran the risk of doing so for fear of either leaving their goal unattended or being streamrollered for a striker became a very effective, direct way to launch attacks and Leigh is used to advantage your team whenever possible. ”

Leigh Roose, who went on to play for Stoke City, Everton, Sunderland, Celtic, Huddersfield Town, Aston Villa and Arsenal, influenced a whole generation of goalkeepers. For example, Tommy Moore, who played for West Ham United, from 1898 to 1901, often traveled to the area and began an attack drill the ball into the opposition half. In a game against Chesham, the game was so one-sided that Moore spent most of the game on offense. As the local newspaper reported: “Moore had so little to do that often left her unguarded goal and played with the forwards.”

Was the railroad that eventually provided cheap and quick travel to football fans. Over 114,000 people watched the Tottenham Hotspur play Sheffield United in the FA Cup 1901. It has been estimated that a large percentage of people went to Crystal Palace stadium by rail from London and Brighton and Great Northern Railway.

When Chelsea was formed in 1905 chose him as his home Stamford Bridge since it was near Waltham Station Green (now Fulham Broadway). Tottenham Hotspur have benefited from its proximity to White Hart Lane train station. It has been argued that “10,000 people could be easily manipulated by trains arriving every five minutes.”

In 1906, a railway station at Ashton Gate was opened to allow people to travel to the land the city of Bristol. Manchester United moved to Old Trafford in 1909 to build the railway network established for the cricket field fence. One of the main reasons Arsenal moved to Highbury was because it was served by London Underground station at Gillespie Road (later renamed Arsenal).

Most experts believe Leigh Roose as the best goalkeeper in the period before the First World War. Federico Paredes, Secretary of the Football Association Roose described as “a feeling … an intelligent man who had what is sometimes described as the eccentricity of genius. His audacity was the goal, which was often assuming emerging risks and triumphant. ” Rouse was an artist who performed tricks to make people laugh. This included sitting in the bar at halftime.

The Times reported that Bristol: “Few men exhibit their personality so vividly in his game as LR Roose …. Seldom found with indifference by the goalpost, even when the ball is at the other end of the enclosure, but never after the hard work and near. Directly responsible is threatened, which is underway. He thinks nothing of running out 10 or 15 meters, even when their backs are so many possibilities of compensation that makes for himself. Also rush along the sideline, the ball field and put into a foul too, to keep the game going quickly. ”

Leigh Roose played as a modern “sweeper” and spent much of his time outside his penalty area. He later wrote about this strategy: “A goalkeeper must be in the position (of players) at once … and if necessary, leave your immediate objective. It should be no matter what the personal consequences and, if necessary, go head on a package in which many men would hesitate to insert a foot, and therefore take greulling as a Spartan. ” He added that “the reason why goalkeepers do not leave the goal most often is their regard for personal consequences.” Roose said a good goalie should not “keep the lens in the usual stereotype lines … and is free of original culture.” According to Roose: “The players with the intelligence to devise a new movement or system, and implementation to take place, will go far.”

In his summary of the 1901-02 season, football journalist, James Catton, Leigh Roose described in Athletic News as “the prince of goalkeepers.” This was a term that had been used previously to describe Teddy Doig. Roose, in fact, replaced Doig as Sunderland goalkeeper in 1908. Leigh Roose soon become a favorite among fans Sunderland. They liked the way established by the execution of the attacks on the half court line. Roose told a reporter he was surprised that not more goalkeepers did not follow suit. “The law states that any (goalkeeper) is free to run more than half the field of play before getting rid of the ball This puzzle not only helps the front of attack, but to build the foundation for the game fast, incisive counterattack. Why so few make use of it? ”

George Holley, who played for Sunderland Roosevelt later explained why this strategy was not followed by many other goalkeepers. “He was the only one who did it was the only who can kick or throw a ball accurately over long distances, taking time to return to its target without fear of compromise.”

Several clubs complained about the Football Association about the strategy Roose. Several committee members felt that Roosevelt was ruining the game as a spectacle for his ability to break creative play and attack. However, they could not agree on what to do about it.

In June 1912, the Football Association decided to finally change the law 8 which read: “The goalkeeper may, within its own half of the field, using their hands, but will not carry the ball.” Now reads: “The goalkeeper may, within his own penalty area, using your hands, but will not carry the ball. “In other words, if a goalie wanted to move from his own penalty area while handling the ball, I had to bounce instead of bringing in its wake. He was not allowed to handle the ball outside the penalty area.

In 1923 the FA Cup was moved to Wembley. The land had been built for the British Empire Exhibition, and had excellent rail connections. Over 270,000 people traveled in 145 special services to the end that had the West Ham United and Bolton.

The railways had a considerable impact on the attendance of international matches. Only 1,000 people traveled from Scotland to watch the game against England at Crystal Palace in 1897. However, for the match at Wembley in 1936, 22,000 Scots arrived in London in 41 trains provided by the London Midland and Scottish Railway.